Know plasma, know 99.999% of the Universe (No plasma, no Universe)
In physics and astronomy, redshift occurs when the electromagnetic radiation, usually visible light, that is emitted from or reflected off of an object is shifted towards the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum. More generally, redshift is defined as an increase in the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation] received by a detector compared with the wavelength … Read more
Space plasmas or astrophysical plasmas, are prolific; the visible universe is at least 99.999% plasma, and includes: Solar plasma (stellar plasma) in the Sun and stars including the core, photosphere (visible surface), chromosphere, corona, and heliosphere The solar wind or interplanetary plasma (the space between the planets) including the heliospheric current sheet The interstellar medium … Read more
Star formation in the plasma universe begins with an electromagnetic “Pinch Compression of Dark Interstellar Clouds”. This is the “Alfvén-Carlqvist Model for Star Formation in Pinched Filaments”.[1] Alfvén-Carlqvist Model Hannes Alfvén and Per Carlqvist write:[2] According to the conventional view, star formation is due to a Jeans collapse of a massive interstellar cloud. The difficulty … Read more
See also Star formation A Star and hence our Sun, is an almost entirely ionized ball of plasma, consisting of electrons and ions, in which there is hardly any gas (neutral atoms). The movement of the plasma produces strong magnetic fields and corresponding electric currents. The structure of our Sun is thought to include (from … Read more
Synchrotron radiation is electromagnetic radiation, similar to cyclotron radiation, but generated by the acceleration of ultrarelativistic (i.e., moving near the speed of light) electrons through magnetic fields. This may be achieved artificially by storage rings in a synchrotron, or naturally by fast moving electrons moving through magnetic fields in space. The radiation typically includes infrared, … Read more
A terrella is a small magnetised model ball representing the Earth, that is thought to have been invented by William Gilbert while investigating magnetism, and further developed 300 years later by the Norwegian scientist and explorer Kristian Birkeland, while investigating the aurora. William Gilbert wrote: “To this round stone we give the name Μικρόγη (microge) … Read more
By Kristian Birkeland. Publ. by H. Aschehoug & Co. Section 1 published 1908; Section 2 publ. 1913. Out of print. Online in full FULL TEXT Extract: Section 2 Chapter VI: On Possible Electric Phenomena in Solar Systems and Nebulae From the Preface In his Preface, Birkeland writes: “The knowledge gained, since 1896, in radio-activity has … Read more
The IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society (NPSS) is a transnational group of about 3000 professional engineers and scientists.[1] The IEEE-affiliated Society sponsors seven conferences and symposia, and two peer-reviewed journals.[2] The IEEE is the world’s largest technical professional organization with more than 360,000 members in around 175 countries. History of the NPSS In 1947, … Read more
Plasmas vary according to temperature and density, and have characteristics that scale over many orders of magnitude. Image copyright Contemporary Physics Education Project Introduction 1. What is plasma? 2. Where is plasma? 3. Why is plasma so? 4. Electrified plasmas 5. Plasma filaments 6. Galaxy simulation 7. Complex … Read more
A Unipolar inductor usually refers to a device in which a rotating metal disk rotating in a magnetic field, generates an electric current. The metal disk can be any conductor, including a rotating plasma. It is also known as a homopolar generator, unipolar generator, acyclic generator, disk dynamo, or Faraday disk. Astrophysical unipolar inductors Unipolar … Read more
